The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Literary Analysis, Nathaniel Hawthorne

Sin. The word itself is synonymous with evil, shame, and a host of other cast out connotations. Everyone sins. Still, each individual copes with his or her sin uniquely. Do they burrow their ignominy inside or do they confess their wrongdoing? Which one is more favorite(a) over the other? Author Nathaniel Hawthorne takes a stab at answering some of these profound life questions in The Scarlet Letter. Through the events that occur in the lives of the characters Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynn, Hawthorne conveys his opinion that confessing and repenting sin is better than hiding sin. Roger Chillingworths character serves to represent the detrimental side effects that are conceived in a life as a result of continuing in sin without confessing. Chillingworth realizes what he has become due to his sinful vengeance when he says, No life had been more composed and innocent than mine few lives so rich with benefits conferred. Dost thou remember me ? Was I not, though you might deem me cold, nevertheless a man attentive for others, craving little for himself, -kind, true, just, and of constant, if not warm affections? And what am I now? I have already told thee what I am A fiend (Hawthorne 118). Roger is enslaved by his desire for revenge towards Dimmesdale, and in doing so, transforms himself from a wise, peaceful man, into a revenge-driven monster. In fact Hawthorne writes that, This unhappy man had made the very principle of his life to comprise in the pursuit and systematic exercise of revenge (177). During Arthurs death scene Roger has, a blank, dull, countenance, out of which life seemed to have departed (Hawthorne 175). He similarly explains that, old Roger Chillingworths deceas... ...nt as each of the men feel in their own hearts. While Dimmesdales extreme depression most likely causes his deadly disease, Chillingworths vengeful attitude towards Arthur mutates him into a gargoyle whose sole purpose is to frighten away any joy that may exist in Dimmesdales life. On the other hand, Hester emerges victorious in the denouement of the tale, counseling countless other hurting women and successfully raising a daughter, Pearl. There is no doubt that Hawthorne utilizes the incidences in the lives of Arthur, Hester and Roger to illustrate that keeping your sin from the rest of the world is not the way to go, and that, to receive the most from life, like Hester, you must confess your sin. In the words of Nathaniel Hawthorne-Be true Be true Be true Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred (177).

The House on Mango Street :: essays research papers

The House on Mango StreetThe affects of an unreliable narrator in The House on Mango Street is itaffects the tone, picture show, and style. on that point are a lot of examples of thosethree affects. Some of those examples are on different chapters of The House onMango Street. Characterization explained in the chapter called Earl of Tennessee. It isexplained in the instruction that people say that Earls wife looks different ways when sheasks different people. Esperanza says in the chapter We never agree on what shelooks like(pg.71). Another example of characterization can be found in the chaptercalledSally. In the chapter Esperanza saysThe boys at school think shesbeautiful...(pg.81) Characterization is explained in this chapter in the way thatSally wears authorship to school and skirts that she pulls up, but when she goes homeshe washes off the make-up and pulls down her skirt so her father wont noticeanything.Tone is explained in the chapter called Darius and the Clouds becaus e a lotof people in Esperanzas school think of him as a fool. Then when one day he sayssomething wise, something smart, people dont think of him as such a fool. In thechapter Darius says,You can fall asleep and wake up drunk on sky, and sky can take hold you safe when you are sad.(pg.33) He also says,Here there is too muchsadness and not enough sky.(pg.33) Tone is also explained in the chaptercalled rose-cheeked Clowns.Esperanza becomes very mad with Sally because Sally left heralone and some guys come and have their way with her. Esperanza saysSally, youlied. It wasnt what you said at all. What he did. Where he touched me. I didntwant it, Sally.(pg.99) Esperanza get very emotional about what happens to her. Shebecomes very mad and changes her tone in the way that she isnt the gay happygirl. Style is explained in the chapter called The Monkey Garden in the waythat the Monkey Garden stands for the Edenic Bower. Esperanza and her friendslove to play in the garden. Esperanza says,Thi s was a garden, a fantastic thing tolook at in the spring.(pg.94) The The Monkey Garden stands for the Garden ofEden.Another example of Style can be found in the chapter calledChanclas.

Essays --

ISP ESSAY Danielle Cheung If you argon wondering what is The Secret by Rhonda Byrne is all about, I am going to nerve up with three legers nothing is impracticable, even though it takes time to manifest desires and thoughts, we should believe and have faith towards what we have asked for. Based on the police force of attraction and having tyrannical thinking, as well as following the Creative Process and feeling happy on what we are doing, claims that we can create life-changing results. The not bad(p) secret of life - Law of Attraction, the most powerful law in the universe. We should learn how to consumption it in order to pursuit the things that we wished to happen. In addition, we should think confirmative in order to attract positive feeling. According to the Law of Attraction, likes attract likes, meaning that if we are basically positive in attitude, and positively in chasing our dreams, we forget attract and create or situations that conform to ou r positive expectations. If we think positive, fantastic miracle is then going to happen so soon. Our thoughts are magnetic, and they have frequency. Why verbalize so? We never know our minds are composed of the thoughts we think. These thoughts are like magnetic currents. If we think positively about some event, we impart attract positive results. If we harbor negative thoughts, the law of attraction occurs and negativity is drawn to our life. In general, thoughts become things. We should make it absolutely clear in our minds what we want. Law of Attraction is everywhere, it leave behind help us attracts like thoughts. Besides, having things to be nothing-is-impossible, we have to focus on things that we want but not on those we do not want. The Secret will help us manifest the things that we are thinking of.... ...g said by Bob Doyle, a scientist, inventor and a philosopher. To sum up, our thoughts and feelings create our life. So, nothing is impossible by learning how to mast er our feelings by summon them through persistent thoughts. Emotions are valuable tools that instantly tell us what we are thinking. Impossible the word itself said Im possible whatever we have chosen is right. The power is all ours. Learn the most powerful theory the Law of Attraction, use it well to become our habit. Be optimistic in everything we do, also learn to use the Creative Process to attract what we want. Let go difficulties from the past, as we are the only one who can create the life we deserve. Our dreams do in fact come true, if we know the Secret. We are in the midst of glorious era. As long as we let go of limiting thoughts, we can experience humanity in every area of creation.

mr :: essays research papers

In her novel The Stone Angel, Margaret Laurence uses the stone angel monument to embody the qualities of Hagar . Over the course of the novel, Hagar reflects second on the memories that have made up her animateness. Hagars loneliness and depression are self induced and brought on by her pride, lack of emotion, stubbornness and the ignorance which she has towards anyones opinion but her own. The qualities of Hagar are identical with those possessed by the stone angel monument and paralleled by Laurence many times throughout the novel. The angel was sure as shooting not a suitable statue to mark the death of Mrs. Currie as it was uncharacteristic of her. The statue of the angel is a more fitting representation of Hagars father Jason Currie and therefore suits Hagar because her personality was undoubtedly inherited from her father. The pride inherited from her father causes her much trouble throughout life as it seems to be the main root of her problems. Hagars lack of emotion is a lso consistent with the characteristics of the stone angel. Her inability to show true emotion effects her a lot later in life and is the main reason she is unable to keep a relationship. Hagars stubbornness can also be connected to the stone angel monument in the sense that the Angel never moves and is also very set in its ways. The Stone Angel monument was created without eyes. Hagar is also blind in the sense that she is analphabetic to the opinions and thoughts of others. The above qualities are shared by Hagar and the Stone angel, and are in essence the reason behind Hagars never-ending escape from family and her problems.One of the or so dominant emotions shown in The Stone Angel is pride. Pride is a sense of ones own proper dignity or value. Most of Hagers loneliness comes from her tone that she is socially above everyone else, regardless of what happens to her. This pride is inherited from her father who is very proud of his social standing and openly flaunts it. The Ston e angel monument is a symbol of pride itself as it was brought from Italy to show the wealth and power of Jason Currie but purposely to mark the grave of his dead wife. She was not the only angel in the Manawaka cemetery, but she was the first, the largest, and certainly the costliest.

The Life Of Mozart Essay -- essays research papers

My book report is from the biography of Mozart written by Robert W. Gutman. It was illustrated by the Jacket art courtesy of Music Lovers Society and was make by Harcourt Brace and Company. It was printed in New York City and the year of publication was 1999.Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, the son of composer, musical author, and violinist, Leopold Mozart and his wife, Anna Maria Pertl. His given names were Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Theophilus, the conk of which is Gottlieb in German, and Amadeus in Latin. He used Wolfgang and Amadeus in his signature, so he is generally known by these two names. He displayed marked musical gifts genuinely early, playing the keyboard confidently when aged four, composing his first pieces for it aged five, and quickly mastering the violin. Leopold was keen to exhibit his sons extraordinary talents, along with those of his gifted pianist-daughter, Maria-Anna (called Nannerl) (1751--1829), and he undertook a series of tours across Europe with them when Mozart was just six years old. In 1767 the family went to Vienna for five months, where Mozart wrote an opera buffa (comic opera) for the Emperor, La finta semplice (trans, the Pretend Simpleton) and a Singspiel (a German-language opera with almost spoken dialogue), Bastien und Bastienne (1769), commissioned by Dr Franz Anton Mesmer. However, in Vienna, the Italian musicians at court, including the composer Antonio Salieri, made it difficult for him to produce his operas. He returned to Salzburg, and was appointed honorary Konzertmeister to Archbishop Sigismund von Schrattenbach. There followed three all-inclusive visits by father and son to Italy (1770--2). Musical experience gained on these tours helped mold Mozarts style, especially in dramatic music. He was prolific, writing sacred vocal pieces and subservient works too. By 1772 he had written about 25 symphonies (some are lost), and his first quartets. Further quartets and symphonies followed during and after a vis it to Vienna in 1773, when he came into contact with Haydns music. Between 1775--6 he composed two operas La finta Giardiniera (trans The Lady Who Disguised Herself as a Gardener) and Il Re Pastore (The Shepherd King) five... ...apellmeister of St Stephens Cathedral. His last perfect(a) works were the masonic Singspiel, Die Zauberflote (1791, The Magic Flute) an opera seria, La clemenze di Tito (1791, The mercy of Tito), and a clarinet concerto for Leopolds coronation. Commissioned by an unknown stranger to compose the Requiem Mass, Mozartbecame haunt with the idea that it was for his own death, and he died before the work was finished after a three-week fever. No convincing evidence about the cause of death has fetch to light, although there has been much speculation about it. Deeply in debt at the time of his death, Mozart did not live long enough to enjoy the financial rewards from the winner of The Magic Flute, and was buried in a paupers grave. Even though I did not get a ch ance to read the whole entire book, I thought that Mozarts life was interesting and worthwhile. He seemed a little kooky at times, but his music is very beautiful. I thought that Robert W. Gutman did a very good job interpreting Mozarts life. The book was a little hard to follow but it gave me much to write about him and learned much about his work.

Lessons in King Lear by William Shakespeare Essay -- King Lear Shakesp

Lessons in force Lear by William ShakespeareSatisfying, hopeful, and redemptive some critics would say that these adjectives belong nowhere near a description of King Lear. One critic, Thomas Roche, even states that the plays ending is as bleak and unrewarding as man can reach outside the supply of hell (164). Certainly, Roches pessimistic interpretation has merit after all, Lear has seen nearly everyone he once cared for die before dying himself. Although this aspect of the play is true, agreeing with this banish view requires a person to believe that Lear learns nothing and that he suffers and dies in vain. Indeed, this is exactly what Roche believes when he states that at the plays end, Lear still cannot tell adept from evil . . . or true from false (164). This nihilistic approach, however, not only disregards many of the plays moments of philosophical insight, but it also completely misinterprets Shakespeares intent. That is not to say that Lear is without fault at the e nd of the play as Shakespeare surely understood, Lear is still human race, and as such, he is subject to human frailty. What is most of import about Lear, however, is not that he dies a flawed man but that he dies an improved man. Therefore, although King Lear might first appear bleak, Shakespeare suggests that Lears life, and human life in general, is worth all of its misery because it is often through suffering that people gain knowledge about the true nature of their single(a) selves and about the nature of all humanity (Roche 164). From the very beginning of the play, Shakespeare suggests that King Lear has much to learn. As Maynard Mack explains in his essay Action and World in King Lear, the reader/audience is immediate... ...retations of King Lear. Ed. Janet Adelman. Englewood Cliffs Prentice entrance hall, 1978. 22-33.Jorgensen, Paul A. Lears Self-Discovery. Berkeley 1967. Kott, Jan. King Lear or Endgame Shakespeare Our Contemporary. New York W.W. Norton & C o., 1974. 127-168.Mack, Maynard. Action and World in Shakespeare. Shakespeares Middle Tragedies. Ed. David Young. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall, 1993. 169-184.Roche, Thomas P. Nothing Almost Sees Miracles Tragic Knowledge in King Lear. Critical Essays on Shakespeares King Lear. Ed. Jay Halio. New York G.K. Hall & Co., 1996. 149-169.Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Ed. Russell Fraser. The Signet Classic Shakespeare. Sylvan Barnet, gen ed. 2nd rev. ed. New York Signet, 1998.---. Othello. Ed. Alvin Kernan. The Signet Classic Shakespeare. Sylvan Barnet, gen ed. 2nd rev. ed. New York, Signet, 1998.

Lessons in King Lear by William Shakespeare Essay -- King Lear Shakesp

Lessons in world-beater Lear by William ShakespeareSatisfying, hopeful, and redemptive some critics would say that these adjectives operate nowhere near a description of King Lear. One critic, Thomas Roche, even states that the plays ending is as bleak and unrewarding as man can reach outside the gates of hell (164). Certainly, Roches pessimistic interpretation has merit after all, Lear has seen nearly everyone he once cared for break in before dying himself. Although this aspect of the play is true, agreeing with this negative view requires a person to believe that Lear learns nothing and that he suffers and dies in vain. Indeed, this is exactly what Roche believes when he states that at the plays end, Lear still cannot tell good from evil . . . or true from false (164). This nihilistic approach, however, not only disregards many of the plays moments of philosophical insight, but it also completely misinterprets Shakespeares intent. That is not to say that Lear is without fa ult at the end of the play as Shakespeare surely understood, Lear is still human, and as such, he is subject to human frailty. What is most important about Lear, however, is not that he dies a flawed man but that he dies an improved man. Therefore, although King Lear might first appear bleak, Shakespeare suggests that Lears life, and human life in general, is worth all of its misery because it is often through suffering that people pull ahead knowledge about the true nature of their individual selves and about the nature of all humanity (Roche 164). From the very beginning of the play, Shakespeare suggests that King Lear has much to learn. As Maynard mackintosh explains in his essay Action and World in King Lear, the reader/audience is immediate... ...retations of King Lear. Ed. Janet Adelman. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall, 1978. 22-33.Jorgensen, Paul A. Lears Self-Discovery. Berkeley 1967. Kott, Jan. King Lear or endgame Shakespeare Our Contemporary. New York W.W. No rton & Co., 1974. 127-168.Mack, Maynard. Action and World in Shakespeare. Shakespeares Middle Tragedies. Ed. David Young. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall, 1993. 169-184.Roche, Thomas P. Nothing Almost Sees Miracles Tragic Knowledge in King Lear. detailed Essays on Shakespeares King Lear. Ed. Jay Halio. New York G.K. Hall & Co., 1996. 149-169.Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Ed. Russell Fraser. The Signet Classic Shakespeare. Sylvan Barnet, gen ed. 2nd rev. ed. New York Signet, 1998.---. Othello. Ed. Alvin Kernan. The Signet Classic Shakespeare. Sylvan Barnet, gen ed. 2nd rev. ed. New York, Signet, 1998.

People do not treat others as equals Essay

There is a problem with the way the world works right now. People do non look at early(a)s as equals. Regardless of race, age, creed, color, or sex, people have found a way to escape from treating humans with common decency. As we walk by means of our lives, we are disrespected at least once a day, and probably more than that. We are brought up in a world where winners are just that, they are winners, and because they win, we are hypothetic to revere and envy them. We are in constant competition, rarely is anything settled without a clear winner, and this is how we live.We are the uncoiled essence of a Dominator Model in this sense. But we do not draw the line there. We can extend it out to soulfulnessal relationships to. The line can be extrapolated because we, an editorial we mind you, treat our personal relationships in much the same manner. Arguments rarely end in agree, and when it does it is not what comes naturally. So this is the purport we have set up and in rank t o shift the paradigm we moldiness first discover what is wrong and move on. We must attack the issues that keep us closer to Cro-Magnon man than evolved individuals. And that is what my intention is for instantlys radio program.One of the main concerns when public lecture about compromise is the fact that things end without one being over another(prenominal) we are talking about ending things, in dominator language, in a tie. But we cannot look at this as being bad we must look at this as being a win. This is what we are talking about, a complete paradigm shift which lends no glory to the dominator, or androcratic cabaret. One of the keys to making this shift pass on is to first recognize what is on the other side of the androcratic model, which is the partnership or Gylanic model. The Gylanic model is based on the idea of mutual well being, and for a society such as ours that has always pleasured male over female, straight over gay, etc this is a hard concept for us to grasp. T earing these historical walls that have been built for us is the birth of a new paradigm. And there are many ways to get to this idea, I will focus on a hardly a(prenominal) that will get us started, and hopefully it will snowball, over a period of time of course, but hopefully it will pick up steam and lead us into a society that places emphasis on every individual who resides in the realm of partnership.Effective perceive This is one of the main concerns when switch from androcratic to Gylanic models. Over time our conversational skills have excelled while or listening skills have fallen by the way side. We have seen great leaders, and great icons of pop-culture give tongue to without listening, and it is not just something that the trained specimen can see, it is painfully obvious. In order to start us on our way this is the first baby tonicity that must be taken. Emphasis needs to, once again, be placed on communication. Interruptions are just that, they interrupt that wh ich somebody is trying to say, so we must understand that cutting somebody off from speaking is a facet of the Dominator Model.Listen to those that you speak with, and let them know that you are listening. Showing that you are listening is not the most difficult of tasks, it is quite simple really. Here are some things that one can do to show that he/she is listening ticker contact, a simple nodding of the head when it is appropriate, not interrupting, are just a few things that could improve a conversation dramatically. It is amazing what you hear when you rattling listen without having to speak at the same time. Too, this helps to create a comfort fit environment, in which exchange is welcome. After a conversation and this is the genuine test, tell the person that you are speaking with what you just heard them say. It may be difficult at first, to be able to listen and not speak, and then to be able to reiterate what you had just heard, but it helps to strengthen a relationship .True Listening, total concentration on the other, is always a manifestation of love. An essential part of true listening is the discipline of bracketing, the temporary giving up or setting of ones own prejudges, frames of references and desires so as to experience as far-off as possible the speakers world from the inside, stepping inside his or her shoes. This unification of speaker and listener is actually an extension and enlargement of ourselves and new familiarity is always gained from this. Moreover since true listening involves bracketing, a setting aside of self, it also temporarily involves a total acceptance of the other. A Road less(prenominal) TraveledScott, Peck emphasis mineNow we will be moving listening, from just an looking at of everyday life, to the inclusion within interpersonal relationships. This is obviously a indispensability in relationships, as is so stated by Peck, but true listening is not asking anything that is easy. It is work. In many relationship s one ships company is always subverted under another party, and for this reason a successful relationship is hard to find. We must not think along the lines of mimesis either, because to find power through ones subversion of power, is once again striding to find a winner.We must drop the idea of the last word or the idea that there must be a winner. Arguments can be settled within the parameters of effective communication. As Peck says it is an act of love, listening is an act of true love, and with the absence of true listening, true love in turn takes on another meaning. We are talking about moving from north to south here we must record that compromise is winning, and that there is not a single winner and a single loser. Listening is part of communicating, and in order to be successful, as is with anything else, we must be able to communicate. In summation being able to listen effectively is the first step in the long line of steps of communication, which must be taken in effo rt to escape the life of the Androcratic model.I know that Rome was not built in a day, and that I am not going to change our society in one conversation about how to change, but I do want to focus on one aspect that will start us on the path of partnership, and that aspect I am focusing on is the aspect of communication. So I will not get into bedroom subject matter. The next aspect of communication that is important is called leveling. Virginia Satir says, What the leveling response does is make it possible for you to live as a livelong person real, in touch with your head, your heart, your feelings, and your body.Leveling is a system in which we speak our minds but not at anybodys expense. We speak without thinking that we capacity make a mistake, or we might be criticized, or impose on somebody. All leveling is is responding to real people in real situations that go for you to agree because you really do (Satir, Virginia). She uses The Matrix as one example. In the Matrix pe ople are hungry for the directness that is offered by Morpheus, but not many are willing to except it. It is the reality that is stated through our own constructed reality. The I statement is the best way to begin the leveling process.I feel . . . . (an emotion or feeling, not a belief)Because . . . . (feelings come out of YOU and your variousExperiences in your life explain the basis of your feelings rather than blaming or psychologizing the other person or yourself)And What IdTo do or seeHappen now is . .(how both of you can take into account oneanothers needs, and work toward an acceptable solution for/with each other)It is the idea of taking responsibility rather than placing blame. It is very effective.The final idea that I will wrangle today is the idea of being a mindful learning. We are students of life, we are constantly learning based on what occurs in our lives. We must actually learn what we go through though. We must take the time and be energized in our lives in order to learn from mistakes that we have made, and hold on to the things that we do well. I suggest that we mindfully improve the way we learn so that we can create our own understanding of the process that will help live our look of life. Become interested in your own live and it will create interest in others. Focus on the other person and listen to his/her stories and life experiences and communicate in an effective manner that will allow for a steady relationship.

Socratic Seminar Questions

English 1-2 1984 Socratic Seminar Questions 3. Reading and writing for pleasure promotes independent thought, hardly it is not dangerous. It lets you picture how you are in reality feeling inside. It is something private that you decide whether or not someone may look at it. In the beginning of the book 1984, Winston writes in his notebook. He hesitated to the highest degree it for a while before he actually began writing. He let out what was going through his mind, it was going really head but then he suddenly stopped writing. The thought that he could get caught terrified him. Big Brother considers writing and reading for pleasure to be dangerous.If batch were to read and write they would realize what has been going on, and this would bring an end to Big Brother. 4. Revisionism still exists to twenty-four hour period, and we have been victims of it without us even knowing. When we were younger we would learn well-nigh Christopher Columbus and how he sailed on three ships and how he reached the Americas were he kindly greeted the Native Americans. But is this really what happened? What they didnt tell us was how Columbus affiliated genocide. He deliberately slaughtered so umteen of these indigenous people. Him and his crew raped, tortured, burned, and killed these Natives.We have been victims of revisionist history. I do agree that knowledge of history is powerful. If you are able to influence history, you control the past. In 1984 Winston works in the Ministry of Truth were he changes the history to make it seem like Big Brother is always right. That is why the people had a blind fold over their eyes. They couldnt realize what was really going because of the rewriting of history. 6. Thought crime, according to the book 1984 is intellection of anything that the Thought law of nature and the Party says is illegal. Illegal is anything that creates individuality. Individuality for the divulgey is not good.I do believe a form of thoughtcrime exists in our society today. We have our own way of thinking that might not go along with what society or the government believes. The government has laws that many people do not agree with. But we really cant do anything about it. We have our own thoughts that the government may not like, but the government cant do anything about that either. 5. In the book 1984 technology helps the Party control Oceania. Today technology functions through television, radio, phones, cameras, satellites, and the internet. I believe it is used for evil. Yes, technology an be very helpful, but is it really needed? Back in time people didnt have much technology and they were still happy. Technology now a day is used for evil things. Many people cyber bully. Because of cyber bullying many children have committed suicide. This is what technology has led to. Music is also a big part in technology that is very influential in technology. The music we hear daily have messages behind them. Most of the music is about se x, revenge, getting drunk, doing drugs, and many other things. This is what our brain is recording, these messaged are in our head. That is why I think technology can be evil.

Us Immigration History

Terms United Irishmen- were harassed by British, support cut revolution US supported Britain against the French War Brides act Servicemen could bring their spouses from foreign lands into the U. S. (non-quota immigrants) 1980 Refugee Policy-Central Americans (Salvadorians and Guatemalans) came under this policy while others were coming in as non refugees. immigration Reform and Control Act (I. R. C. A)-does 3 things Raises the immigration ceiling for the whole world. More slots to distribute Grants amnesty to undocumented residents that could prove that they were life-time here since 1982 Fined volume who employed undocumented workersForced Repatriation- in 1934, Mexican and citizens of the Philippines be repatriated. Gentlemens Agreement- In 1907, an agreement was established between Japan and US where Japan would stop exertion emigration and the US would limit immigrant restrictions against them (such as ending segregation in schools in San Francisco). Happened after the Rus so-Japanese warfare. Indentured Servitude Debt bondage that was used in the colonial pointedness in which one person would c everywhere the travel cost into the colonies and in return they would work off the debt and upon completion would be conceden some land. his was the study way in which people got others to work the land for them and it was the system of rules that was in place before slavery became popular. Assimilation- Basically, conformity into the US culture. Migrant- someone who has moved crosswise one national frontier Emigration- wants to re relieve oneself a place where they came from i. e. youthful England, New York, New Mexico, New Spain, New Amsterdam Sojourners- someone who comes to America without the object of staying here. In other words they come to make dough, but then leave. Italians and Greeks.Ravensteins Law- long migration occurs into urban areas, Rural dwellers are to a greater extent migratory than urban dwellers, migration is mostly due to economi c causalitys Transnationalism- Primarily focuses on exchanges, connections and practices across borders. It as if be neither here nor on that point since a migrant lives a multi sited bread and butter where exchanges and interactions across borders are a regular part migrants realities and activities- Ex. Immigrants from Mexico can be living in the U. S but make up continuous connections with their families in Mexico.League of Nations- essential Security Act- In 1950, this gave the president power to incarcerate persons in peacetime. It applied to citizens as well as aliens. It was passed over President Trumans veto. It also undeniable communists to register with the government. 1940 Smith Act- set penalties for advocating the overthrow of the U. S. government. Required all non-citizen adults to register with the government. Visas could be refused to those deemed a danger to public safety. This was directed at Nazi sympathizers and radicals. 986 in-migration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)- Raised the immigration ceiling to 540,000 a category. It also attempted to deal with immigrants already endue, granting amnesty for unauthorized immigrants who could prove they had resided in the U. S. since a certain date. It also included stiff sanctions for employers of undocumented immigrants such as charging them fines. It was not successful due to a strong labor penury and lack of enforcement. Know null Party- Nativist group active in the mid 19th century. They were concerned with governmental corruption and immigrant involvement in political machines.Rather than seeking to restrict immigration, the Know Nothing Party precious to make it more difficult for immigrants to naturalize or hold high offices. They proposed a fatality of a 21 year period for naturalization. They were also anti-Catholic. LPC- likely to become a public charge. Clause of the Immigration Act of 1882 (transmuted in 1892). grammatical construction of nativism. Originally applied to pers ons who were obviously unable and/or unlikely to be able to support themselves. During the Great Depression it was interpreted more strictly. 1917 Immigration Act- Passed over President Wilsons veto.Required a literacy test for admission. This tightened restrictions on radicals. It also created the Asiatic Barred Zone (everything except the Philippines and Japan) from which immigration is barred. It reflected fears as well as the consanguinity of the U. S. to other nations/foreign policy. Foraker Act 1900- Under this act, Puerto Ricans were nationals, not U. S. citizens like contemporary FIlipinos. Immigration Restriction League- Formed in 1894 by a group of youthfulness Harvard graduates. It became the most influential single pressure group arguing for a fundamental change in American immigration policy.According to one of its founders, Prescott F. Hall, the question for Americans to limit was whether they wanted their country to be peopled by British, German and Scandinavian st ock, historically free, energetic, progressive, or by Slav, Latin, and Asiatic inclines referring to Jews rather than Chinese or Japanese historically downtrodden, atavistic and stagnant. The league and its chief political spokesman, Henry Cabot Lodge pushed for literacy tests as the best way to improve the quality of the incoming immigrants. Agricultural comminute Relations Act- 1975 California.Established collective bargaining for farmworkers. This helped protect the rights of employees. 1921 Quota Act- limited annual immigration to 3% of foreign born of each nationality in the US in the year 1910. It imposed an annual ceiling of 350,000 quota admissions 55% from Northern and Hesperian Europe, 45% from other countries (nearly all Southern and eastern European). It introduced new collective measures to allow non-quota or unlimited admissions of immediate relatives of US citizens and immigrants from the Western Hemisphere. 924 Johnson Reed Act (Second Quota Act) Limited immigra tion further, to 2% of the number of each nationality group who lived in the US in 1890. It lowered the come up annual ceiling of quota immigrants to 165,000, increased the share of Northern and Western European potential immigrants to 86% (142,000), and decreased the share from Southern and east Europe to 11% (18,000). It barred Asian immigration entirely (effective for Japanese and for foreign born wives and children of US citizens of Chinese ancestry).Filipinos could still come distant the quota system because they were American nationals. 1934 Philippines Independence Act- Provided for Philippines independence on July 4, 1946. Filipinos lost their status as US nationals and were restricted to a token quota of 50 per year. 1942 decision maker Order 9066- Issued by President Franklin Roosevelt. It authorized the US army to imprison 120,000 Japanese Americans, two-thirds of them US citizens and the rest ineligible for citizenship on racial grounds. 1942-64 Bracero Program- for Mexican laborers outside usual immigration controls.It was due to a labor shortage during WWII. Under the program, the US guaranteed that Mexican workers would receive qualify minimum wages and certain living and working conditions, although m whatsoever complaints were filed against employers who did not meet those standards. The WWII program had about 200,000 braceros in the US. Its peak year was 1959 when 450,000 braceros entered. It was an important corner in the history of Latin American migration to the US. The notion was that Mexicans would be temporary workers or guest workers.While many returned home, many others became permanent residents. 1952 McCarran-Walter Act- passed over President Trumans veto, reaffirming the national pedigrees quota system and setting the total annual immigration limit to one-sixth of one percent of the population of the continental US in 1920. It exempted spouses and children of US citizens and people born in the Western Hemisphere from quotas. It also created a system of preferences at heart the quotas for persons with needed occupations. It ended racial limits to immigration and naturalization, prominent Japan a token quota of 100. 954 Operation wetback- It removed one one thousand thousand Mexican immigrants from the Southwest amid numerous civil rights violations. It was staged by the INS, who reported that it had deported or expelled 3. 8 million Mexicans. 1965 Hart-Cellar act- abolished the national origins quota system. It created an easterly Hemisphere system of equal visa limits per country of 20,000 annually. It placed the first limits on Western Hemisphere immigration. The hold total limited admissions to 290,000 per year 170,000 from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 from the Western Hemisphere.It also established an admission chassis not subject to limitation. It revised the occupation-first, family-reunion-second preference system to put family reunion first and occupations second. AIPAC- American Israe l Public Affairs Committee, formed in 1963. This was an effective pro-Israel lobby. They established a close relationship with both parties in the US. United Irish- Mainly middle class Protestants. They wanted an end to British rule/aristocracy. They were strong believers in the French Revolution. Repatriation- sending someone back to their country of origin.The forced repatriation of Mexicans and Filipinos occurred in 1934. Angel Island- An island regain in the San Francisco Bay. It was used as an immigration station from 1910-1940. Due to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, many Chinese were interrogated and detained on the island, some for years. Triangle Shirt-Waist Factory- This was a shop belonging to Eastern European Jews in New York City. A fire occurred in 1911, in which 146 workers, to the highest degree all young women, were burned to ending or died leaping from high windows. This reflected the subpar conditions of many pointories.It helped lead to the relatively early organization of garment workers in unions. AFL/CIO- American Federation of Labor. It was a union group founded in 1886. Mostly Irish men. Organized close to exclusively among skilled workers. In 1955 the AFL merged with Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO. Puerto Rico + Gonzales Case-Isabel Gonzales traveled to New York from Puerto Rico where she was detained as an alien immigrant. January of 1904, the judicial system ruled that under immigration law Gonzales was not a alien therefore could not be denied gate. The court however declined to state if she was a U. S. citizen.The importance of this case is the question if habitants of new island territories of the U. S. were considered citizens. Their citizenship remained ambiguous and Puerto Rican became known as non citizen nationals Immigration Act 1882-LPC Clause- Page Law- 1875, barred entry to Chinese and Japanese prostitutes, felons, and contract laborers. Spanish American War (1898)- Puerto Rico was anne xed by the US in the aftermath of the war. Cuba was also liberated from Spain along with Philippines. minute Italy Chinatown Federal Immigration Law 1891- statute that showed concern for both the physical and mental condition of prospective immigrants.It barred the immigration of all idiots, insane persons, paupers or persons likely to become a public charge, persons suffering from a loathsome or contagious disease, persons who confine been convicted of a felony or other infamous execration or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, and polygamists. Mexican Immigration Industrialization/ Urbanization- early 1800s-early 1900s. These were great changes in this century. People moved from the country to the city. Nativism- anti-immigrant activity. It occurred in 3 phases anti-Catholic 1830s-1850s, anti-Asian1870s-mid 1900s, and anti-all immigrants1880s-? .Nativist attitudes have always been present. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and Immigration Act of 1924 are examples of nativis tic influence on immigration policy. Ethnicity vs. Race- League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)- Mexican American civil rights organization. Founded in the 1920s. Thind vs US- U. S. Supreme Court case in which the decision finding was that no person of East Indian origin could become a naturalized American. (1923) British Passenger Acts- attempted to deflect immigration from the British Isles to Canada rather than the US by making it much more expensive to travel to the latter.Canada bound ships were more easily accessible and convenient for Irish immigrants. Great Famine 1846-a period of starvation and disease from 1845-1852. Over 1 million people died and a drastic number migrated elsewhere. the famine created a diaspora as Irelands population decreased by as much as 25%. the cause of the famine was a potato disease known as potato blight. Manifest Destiny 1839- idea that the US should expand its influence. This political theory resulted in more aggressive land grabbing and in the homestead act that gave people land for free as long as they improved the land. n other parts of the world, it led to colonization of the philippines via the Spanish-American War and to the inclusion of Texas via the Mexican American War. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- 1848 treaty at the end of the Mexican-American War that made Mexico tolerate the US as well as giving up the southwest states (California, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Colorado). the treaty had included a right to give Mexicans American Citizenship if they were within the lost territories but that was never enacted. Foreign Miners Tax 1850- This was a tax on gold that forced Chinese to pay 3 dollars a month when they were exactly making approximately six.If an immigrant couldnt pay the tax, the tax collectors were allowed to take possessions equalling the amount owed, however most tax collectors took advantage of the fact that foreigners did not declaim english well, and over taxed them. Texas Ind ependence 1836- Cultural Pluralism- the preservation of ones culture even within another society. This term applies to Chinatown and Little Italy. Pueblo Revolt 1680- degree centigrade of Migration- 1830s-1920s we are a nation of immigrants. During this time over 50 million immigrants came to the US leaving only 1. 7% of the population of Native people. i enrolled in this class about immigration nd learned about coming to the us nation the chinese were hated, the Italians were debated while the Irish came early and became corporate the irish were in politics and became racist dicks the chinese worked for small fees which is why the white men wanted them to flee while italians came, in order to play the game, but living in the US was not their aim. thats my song on immigration. Essays 4. Write an prove discussing the significance of nativism in US history. What were the forces giving rise to nativism at different moments in history and how did nativism affect immigrants and Americ an society and politics more generally? Nativist attitudes have always been present in American society. Nativism, or anti-immigrant activity influenced the treatment of immigrants as well as legislation. It occurred in 3 phases anti-Catholic 1830s-1850s, anti-Asian 1870s-mid 1900s, and anti-all immigrants 1880s-mid 1900s. Generally nativism has been more prevalent during times when Americans have been divided and lacking confidence in the future. Influxes of immigrants have contributed it nativism as well. Nativism also rose during war when immigrants loyalty was questioned. nti-Catholic Relatively large numbers of Irish and German Catholic immigrants, many of them desperately poor, began to arrive in the late 1820s and early 1830s. The costs of maintaining the poor were mounting. With growing Irish and German Catholic immigration, Catholics and Catholicism were seen as an internal threat of republican principles and of the republic itself. In eastern cities this sentiment often tu rned violent. Much of this violence was directed at convents and churches. 1840s and 50s the Know Nothing Party emerged, calling for a change in naturalization laws.They proposed a 21 year period for naturalization and wanted to bar immigrants from holding any but minor local offices. Nativism grew in the pre-Civil War years because there was uncertainty about the future of the nation. Some felt Catholics contributed to crime and radicalism. During the Depression there was disceptation for labor. anti-Asian 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act suspended the immigration of laborers. This was to promote the interests of white workingmen in California and elsewhere in the West who experienced competition with Chinese laborers.Racial prejudice was also a large factor. Japan and the Gentlemans Agreement, Executive Order during WWII. anti-all immigrantsfrom the end of the 19th century into the beginning of the twentieth there was a large immigrant population. an 1891 statute barred the immigration of all idiots, insane persons, paupers, or persons likely to become a public charge, persons suffering from a loathsome or contagious disease, persons who have been convicted of a felony or other infamous crime or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude or polygamists.Many Americans at that time felt their way of life was threatened by the immigrant invasion. 1924 Quota prop 187 stopped funding unregistered citizens, however it was ruled unconstitutional. people were algophobic that immigrants were coming for a free ride, but really most immigrants were coming for jobs. Was a key legislative piece in the development of comparable propositions in other states that have since barred access to immigrants. recession and depression drove nativist movements. Nativism was affected by immigrants in many ways. The main reason i can think of is fiscal reasons.Many immigrants came to the US and took jobs away from those already established. Most immigrants were also involuntary to work for cheaper wages which would create an anti-immigrant view. Irish were willing to do the hard dirty work for cheap wages. Chinese were willing to do jobs for wages less than the people already doing there jobs. This along with other issues like lack of assimilation. People who immigrated and chose not to assimilate excluded themselves from the US community. Essay 1 Racialization is the act of classifying a group of people as a race when they were not previously viewed this way.These groups include, but are not limited to Jews, Chinese, Irish, Germans, Scandanavians, more specializedally, Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes, Italians, Greeks, Armenians, Poles, and Hungarians. The way i see it, instead of classifying these groups as Asian, European, or Middle Eastern, they are viewed on a much more specific level, targeting the exact area they originated from. Now that there is a brief background on what racialization is, we will way at specific examples of where racialization was seen. The first place racialization was evident was in labor.To begin, the Irish were classified as hard working immigrants. The Irish seemed to always be stuck with the categorical jobs such as digging trenches, or building sky scrapers. They were considered hard working people who would work from sun up to sun down and give 100%. In the early 1900s the Irish dominated the uninformed labor section. Another racialized group was the Chinese people. Chinese people came to the Western US and brought skilled and unskilled labor. The Chinese were willing to work for low wages and were able to live on a less amount of necessities than their rival workers.The adjoining place where racialization was blatantly evident was in communities. To begin with, Italians came to the US and remained in tightly knit Italian communities, choosing not to assimilate. Jews also came and although they did not necessarily create their own communities, their presence was evident in whatever community they lived in, a nd instead of being viewed as white, middle eastern, or whatever general class they may have fallen into, they were seen specifically as Jews. Chinese influence also had a huge role in the creation of Chinatown on the west rim in San Francisco.Chinatown was formed in 1850 and had a very tight community, however, it was also a tourist attraction. Many groups went from a general classification to a specific region they were known for coming from. The word that i hate to use but must is stereotypical. Racialization was a stereotype placed on specific races and it created almost an impermeable barrier to the rest of the nation once that stereotype had been placed upon a race. Irish were expected to be involved in politics, or unskilled labor. Chinese were expected to live in Chinese communities and work at a dry cleaning shop or in the mines, searching for old. Racialization was almost an anti-assimilation view as it seemed to prohibit naturalization in the US. It classified races to specific groups, and in some cases, if these groups became too powerful, the government would strike them down as seen in the Chinese Exclusion Act. Racialization played a huge role in keeping records of immigrants, as well as, creating immigration policies meant to target certain immigrant groups. NOTE This essay can be filled with a ton more evidence of basically any act or law passed to discriminate a race.The fact that races were viewed as such singular groups is what made them easy to prey upon. One thing i didnt bring up was race in religion which, if that is your cup of tea, you might wanna elaborate on. Essay 2 The main forces behind immigration policy have always been around nativist interest i. e. self-importance interests of the American people. If we look a political party and two policies then dissect them, we can see the policies demonstrate self interest by the US. Bracero Program, procedure wetback, know nothing party Bracero program-for Mexican laborers outside us ual immigration controls.It was due to a labor shortage during WWII. US guaranteed that Mexican workers would receive specified minimum wages and certain living and working conditions, although many complaints were filed against employers who did not meet those standards. The WWII program had about 200,000 braceros in the US. Its peak year was 1959 when 450,000 braceros entered. It was an important landmark in the history of Latin American migration to the US. The notion was that Mexicans would be temporary workers or guest workers. While many returned home, many others became permanent residents.They welcomed the labor only because they could not create enough goods to feed the war machine so they opened up to mexico so that they could attain unskilled workers that could work in market-gardening and factories to help the war while simply treating them as if they were going to be sojourners and nothing else. It was an economic move for them initially since the increased workers wou ld bring back occupation levels and money. Operation Wetback- a massive immigration operation that was meant to send back a large quantity of immigrant workers mostly Mexican. By the end of it, over 3. million were sent back to their country of origin. This was a massive attempt to remove the mexican laborers that had settled starting in 1946. This occurred as more and more soldiers returned from the war and job displacement began to occur. At this point, with the steady flow of migration into the states, it no longer suited them to continue to extend the Bracero program. It can be traced back to a nativist notion that the braceros were taking jobs away and with substantial numbers coming in that they created a threat to society. Know nothing Party- Nativist group active in the mid 19th century.They were concerned with political corruption and immigrant involvement in political machines. Rather than seeking to restrict immigration, the Know Nothing Party wanted to make it more diff icult for immigrants to naturalize or hold high offices. They proposed a requirement of a 21 year period for naturalization. They were also anti-Catholic. This was generally meant to hold the Irish from corrupting the US way of life. The people disliked the Irish for being catholic since they believed they would always be loyal to the pope and on top of this the Irish would do any job which some people would not even do.

PUMA Marketing Essay

Executive SummaryThe multi-billion global athletic wear industry is a highly competitive sector that is continually evolving. Two of the largest players in this industry are Nike Co., which holds 37% food market share, and mountain lion with 7% market share. Objectives To support its growth target to $23 billion by 2011, Nike intends to expand its market penetration in India, China, Brazil, and other emerging economies. To grasp this end, the association plans to create brands that are tailored-fit to different markets. painter , on the other hand, targets regional and product type expansion. The company has drafted a five year plan to reach this goal. Positioning/Product/Service/Price dodge Analysis These leading manufacturers have differing approaches in their marketing strategies. Nike has poised itself as an innovator of high quality sportswear, making sports as part of an active lifestyle. It invests firmly in advertising and marketing campaigns to create brand power an d awareness. The Nike name is associated with quality, success, and greatness. As a result of its successful marketing strategies, Nike has become part of sports culture. Its products are categorized under basketball, soccer, womens, running, mens, sports culture, and others.For the year ended December 31, 2007, Nike reported revenues of $16 billion, where more than half of which came from its athletic footwear division. On the other hand, puma has positioned itself as a manufacturer that combines functionality with style, creating a niche among the fashion-conscious sports enthusiasts. It cooperates with designers from strategic markets, like Japan, to come up with designs that meet the companys goal of providing stylish sportswear that appeal to the high-end market. Its business is segmented into footwear, apparel and accessories. For the fiscal year 2007, PUMA reported revenues of $2.4 billion, where sixty percent of which was earned from footwear. Market Analysis Both Nike and PUMA target eighteen to thirty-five year old males and females globally. Despite the similarity of its market, the two companies attract different sorts of consumers. Nike has a strong consumer base for its performance shoes, dapple PUMAs strength lies on its casual shoes.Distribution StrategyAnalysis Distribution reach is a key factor for the success of Nike and PUMA. Nike is headquartered in Oregon, and distributes its products in about twenty-two thousand locations with eleven central distribution centers. This extensive reach allows Nike to be available to the most number of people about the world. Puma is based in Herzogenaurach, Germany, with distribution channels in more than eighty countries worldwide. However, it is largely concentrated in the European region, resulting to a lower market share. Both companies do not sell directly to the public. Instead, they sell through retail stores located in malls or department stores. Promotion Strategies Analysis PUMAs five-year pla n for 2006-2010 focuses on expansion of product segments, regional penetration and non-PUMA brands.To do this, the company is shifting focus to capture younger consumers without losing its high-end costumers. It is also negotiating for the transferee of company control to PPR, a conglomerate that operates luxury brands like Gucci and YSL. This move is seen to increase sales for PUMAs sneakers and up profits by at least ten percent. For Nike, it continues its innovations coupled with aggressive marketing campaigns to promote its products and hold on to its leading position in the market. Conclusion Nike will continue to be the sportswear industry leader for the years to come. The companys approach to innovation and its highly aggressive marketing campaigns will ensure the company its bring in position in the market. As it continue to provide quality products that appeal to majority of the target consumers, Nike will be able to reach its goal of peak a fifty percent revenue incr ease by 2011.Pumas shift in focus will help the company achieve a bigger market share. By reinventing its product lines and expanding its reach particularly in the U.S. market, PUMA will be able to increase its share target. The German company also needs to create products that would cater to the middle-end consumers. From this project, I have learned that marketing strategies and promotional campaigns do a lot to the brand. As a result of brand power, a companys pricing will also be at an advantage. I have also learned that Nikes management is doing very well to keep the company at the forefront, compared to PUMAs top executives who are still in the process of making the company more competitive globally.

Philippines Country Sales

According to Yahoo Philippines Country Sales Director, Arlene Amarante http//the in the altogethermedia.com/state-of-online- advertizement-in-the-philippines-yahoo-phs-arlene-amarante/ thatThe online advertising industry here in the Philippines is in a state of fast growth. While in that respect is still much evangelization to do, the market players both advertisers and advertising agencies are now asking the more relevant questions un comparable 3 years ago. They now get weaving to ask How do we start? How do I integrate online with my existing campaign? Can it work for a brand or industry like mine? How do I measure my success? These questions tell us that it is no longer about why advertisers should be online it is about maximizing their advertising dollars and using online the right way.And, while online is still at a 26% penetration level, we see that the landscape is further paving the way for increased and rapid exponential growth new broadband products, increased broadb and penetration, rise of internet mobile, rise of smart phones and the proliferation of low-priced PCs. Consumer behavior support the phenomenon. They are no longer dictated by traditional media alone they immediately search for brands prior to a purchase. They are no longer looking for yesterdays news they requisite to know whats happening now. They are no longer waiting for brands to come and communicate to them they are starting the conversations. Online advertising is now a justly force that no one can no longer deny.According to Mark Chaves, director of media intelligence solutions at SAS, http//www.studymode.com/essays/Local-Studies-1071666.html thatConsumers are online right now talk of the town about your products and services, their experiences, and their likes and dislikes. Smart marketers arent just listening to online chatter they are analyzing it to better focus resources and build engagement and loyalty, SAS Social Media Analytics helps marketers combine data from o nline conversations with other data, such(prenominal) as a companys customer relationship management software, to build a more complete picture of each customer and then use these analytically-driven insights to look to and act,Chaves added.According to LiveJournal,http//www.aijc.com.ph/survey_internet_access.pdf thatThe Philippines ranks seventh among the top 15 countries where blog hosting is popularly used. There are presently 39,274 Filipino bloggers under this hosting site.LOCAL LITERATUREAccording to Josefina Estolas in the book Fundamentals of look (1995) http//www.studymode.com/essays/Review-Of-Related-Literature-And-Studies-177904.html thatIn exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, even develop new substances, gadgets, equipment, processes or procedures, imagination and skill is employed by the researcher. The commodities, new devices, services, in technology are needs of man for a better fuller life which is the concern of the research. These useful arts are the products of the technological environment and the end-user is society in general.According to Jeffrey A. Hofer on Modern System Analysis and Design (1996), http//www.studymode.com/essays/Review-Of-Related-Literature-And-Studies-177904.html thatScience and technology are essential for national development and progress. The State shall give antecedence to research and development, invention, and their utilization, and to science and technology education according to the 1987 Philippine Constitution (Article XIV, Section 10).Since computer powerwas the critical resource, efficiency of processing became the main goal. emphasis was placed on automating existing process such as purchasing or paying, often within single department. According to Abraham Silberschatz, Database System Concepts (1999) http//www.studymode.com/essays/Review-Of-Related-Literature-And-Studies-177904.html thatA major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of data. That is the system hides certain details of how the data are stored and maintained.Foreign Studies According to Ajzen and Fishbein (1980), http//www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/ merchandise/the-literature-review.php that billet is defined as a learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favourable or unfavourable manner with respect to a given object. It is the mental and physical respond that involve beliefs, feelings, values and predisposition to act in certain ways.According to Davis (1989), http//www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/marketing/the-literature-review.php thatIn the earlier studies, perceived usefulness is defined as the degree to which a person swears that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance.According to Koufaris 2002, http//www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/marketing/the-literature-review.php thatReplaced the term personal involvement into product involvement. In this research he used product involvement instead of personal involvement to load out the same co ncept and defined as individual motivation regarding an object where that motivational state is activated by the relevance or brilliance of the object in question.Foreign Literature According to Levy and Malaviya (1999) http//www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/marketing/the-literature-review.php thatIndicated that effectiveness of advertising is persuasion does not rest within advertising messages per se and it depends on certain mental processes that as ad recipient invokes. Generally, advertising effectiveness is described as being a hierarchy of effects (Vakratas and Amber, 1999). In the other word, metamorphoses of consumer perceptions by the information in the advertisement will lead to a change in their behaviors.According to Palanisamy and Wong (2003)http//www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/marketing/the-literature-review.phpthatWhen the consumer has a sense in what they believe is a quality price, quality of service, quality of interaction of the service and image of the business is explain ed as their expectation. When consumer expectations increase or decrease that effectiveness of advertising would change accordingly as this is a proportional relationship.According to Tomsen and Faith (2003) http//www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/marketing/the-literature-review.php thatGrowing capabilities of interactive devices and fuel innovation set the consumer expectations. Consumer will develop new expectations about the new technology itself, services and network that support the technology. Acceleration of the development of the new technology and service providers is to fulfill the need of consumer shifting expectations. Likewise, development of technology is derived from the interactive consumer expectations. In this context, evolution of technology is seemed as evolution of internet advertising. Quality, reliability, convenience, attractive appearance and superior technology are the expectations of the consumers.

History and Treatment Recommendations of a Substance Abusing Individual Essay

Chemical Use Assessment/History and Treatment Recommendations Upon c arful check over of Jay Ws case study, a client who is potentially suffering from a substance ab expenditure disorder, it is deemed necessary to examine his history, compose a chemical use assessment, and devise a recommended treatment plan that will determine his clinical needs. Upon assessing the client, it is vital that he be examined holistically for better recovery results. Considering his spiritual, heritable, and psychosocial conditions will dish up to ensure a more accurate analysis of his current situation. Only wherefore can it be determined if Jay W is in use, abuse, or an addictive cycle. Reason for AssessmentDuring the case study of Jay W. it is n nonpareild that he was referred to my office by his parents for a clinical assessment. Once a commendable student with fine grades, his grades began to dwindle afterward reaching college. He blushtually failed his commencement ceremony year of co llege as a result of his vile grades. Jays parents Don W. who is a brain surgeon and his mother Beth W. who is a research scientist, is seeking help for their son because they are concerned that his heavy tipsiness is the cause of his flunking. They believe that if he does non take a leak help, it could very well damage his future goals of becoming a chemical engineer. Sources of InformationDuring the verbal intake of Jay W.s case, his father Don W. and his mother Beth W. were state along with Jay W., to provide all of the details of his need for assessment. Secondary sources that has been carefully go overed and used in making a determination includes, Doweiko, H. E. (2012). Concepts of chemical dependency (8th ed.). Belmont, CA Brooks/Cole. May, G. G. (1991). dependency & grace Love and spirituality in the healing of addictions. New York HarperOne, Clinton, T., & Hawkins, R. (2009). The quick-referenceguide to biblical counseling Personal and emotional issues. Grand Rapids , MI Baker Books. Hawkins, R. (2009). Theology and Addiction www.libertyuniversity.edu, Clinton, T. (2009). Addiction and Recovery www.libertyuniversity.edu.Background InformationJay W. was born May 2, 1994, to Don and Beth W. The pregnancy was fieldedly normal with no complications to the wear upon and delivery. Jay W. met all his developmental milestones early and was described as an advanced baby. Jay storeyedly excelled in school with needing very little effort to maintain a straight-A report card, counterbalance in the gifted and talented program. The current school year, he flunked out of his first year in college. His parents are concerned about his crapulence and how it appears to be interfering with his aspirations of being a chemical engineer. He states that he does not believe his drinking is the issue with his grades in college. instead he assumes that tedium is the sole reason that his grades are failing. He also adds that his professors do not really know as muc h as they think they do. He even undertakes sometimes he just does not feel standardized going to class because it is dumb. As stated by his parents, Jay began drinking at the age of 12 years old.He totaled his first vehicle two weeks after his sixteenth birthday. Jay lost his drivers license at that time and was supercharged with a DUI. Shortly after, Jay and both of his parents began attending AA together, but Jay dropped out after 3 months. Jay states he stopped going because, all they talk about is struggle stories. Jay does admit to blackouts, drinking more than he intends to, and does seem to recognize that many of his friends postulate similar drinking patterns as he. He also reports a recent break up with his girlfriend of 2 years. He states he truly loves this girl, but she broke up with him because she doesnt like my friends. He reports spending an add up of $75 a week on beer, and his money does not al centerings last until the end of the month. He attributes that to his parents not tolerant him enough money. He states they totally give him $1,000 a month. Jay states he is willing to come to counseling but does not think he has a drinking problem, but he would like to figure out how to win his girlfriend back. Current StatusOut of reluctance, Jay has decided to proceed with causeing clinical treatment. He realizes that if he doesnt, his parents will no seven-day fund his college tuition. He also admits to currently drinking at least a 12 pack of beer on the weekends. He qualifies his actions by mentioning that his friends assists him with drinking the beer. He also does admit that his weekends sometimes start on Thursdays and dont end until Mondays. He states that he does not believe his drinking is the issue with his grades in college. He states he just gets blase in classes and his professors do not really know as much as they think they do. He states sometimes he just does not feel like going to class because it is dumb. Jay does adm it to blackouts, drinking more than he intends to, and does seem to recognize that many of his friends have similar drinking patterns as he. Indicators of Use/ step/DependencyAddiction can manifest in the form of obsessive or compulsive behaviors. Overtime, over indulgence can cause a dependency to obtain more of the tangible or chemical substance. Behaviors that can produce fear and/or agitation are factors that can lead to addictive behaviors (Doweiko, 2012). When there is an addiction, usually a manifestation of withdrawal symptoms will be evidenced when the source of addiction is absent. Abuse is usually evidenced when a substance is taken in disregard for directions or ones well-being (Doweiko, 2012). Attitudes and BehaviorAfter careful review of Jay W.s objective data found in his case study, it is apparent that Mr. W is in denial about his drinking problem. He appears reluctant to obtain treatment and is nonchalant in his attitude and behavior. He admittingly says he stopped attending AA because, all they talk about is war stories. Upon further subjective analysis, it seems that my client views his drinking with an everybody else is doing it mentality. This is evidenced by his reference to drinking as a typical teenage behavior as well as his assertion that his parents overreacted to his suspend license because he has several friends who has lost theirs also as if its a normal thing to do. He also seems to be irresponsible for his actions and constantly shifts blame on others for his current problems. He blames his parents for not giving him enough money instead of focusing onthe fact that he is spending at least 75$ a week on beer. He also shifts the blame of his failing school on the inability of his professors to engage him cognitively and even claims that the classes are dumb. Jay W. appears saddened by the breakup with his girlfriend of 2 years and sincerely wants to win her back. As Dr. Clinton states in Addictions and Recovery the tragedy of add iction is that is destroys, individuals, families, and friendships (2009). Social executionDrinking appears to be a social activity for Jay W. he states that his friends assist him with drinking the 12 pack case of beer that he usually buys on the weekend. He also has mentioned that several of his friends have lost their licenses, implying that it is also a result of obtaining DUIs. Jay goes even further by acknowledging the fact that many of his friends have similar drinking patterns as he does. Apparently his ex-girlfriend of two years had many complaints about the bad company that he was keeping. Jay doesnt take heed and loses her through a breakup instead. According to Doweiko, the consumption of alcohol can interfere with ones social descents by making preexisting ones worsened (2012). This is due to an adverse effect on judgment which causes a lack of check off of ones behavior. Irritability, black outs, and lying are only a few of the manifestations of alcohol addiction. T he Psychosocial Models of Substance Use Disorders is another type of model of addiction. It is believed to be closely linked to the medical model (Doweko, 2012). It is proposed that addictions are learned behavior, poor psychosocial functioning, or the result of maladaptive thinking (Doiewko, 2012, p. 345), all in which are manifestations of a biological dysfunction. Occupational FunctioningJay W., although obviously an intelligent guy (evidenced by his excellent grades in the gifted and talented program), has just flunked out of his first year of college. His future career goals are dwindling because of the negative choices that he is making. confuse and negative social relationships have become distractions that steered him off the path of success that he once embarked upon. A repetitive cycle of partying Thursday till Monday and assay to maintain normalcy (crashing is also an option) Tuesday and Wednesday is ongoing. It is possible that he is traveling down the road ofaddictio n. Those who are bound by abuse can live unfocused and disoriented lives. Over time, this can lead to divorce, job loss, and even the loss of child custody. Although drug abuse may be a one-time event, if one is not careful, the behavior can lead one down the path of addiction as in Jays case. It appears that he have a natural leaning towards abuse and addiction because his father Don also had a drinking problem. Dr. Clinton tells us in the video presentation that some of the effects of addiction includes control problems, compulsiveness, narrowing focus, denial, tolerance and withdrawal (Clinton, 2009). We see many of these components in Jays occupational functioning. Financial AspectsWhen examining Jay Ws financial condition, it is obvious that he is mismanaging his money. His parents was giving him a 1,000 monthly stipend, and he blew at least $75 per week of it on beer. His excessive spending habits have created a deficit towards necessary items. Instead of accepting responsib ility for misappropriating funds, he blames his parents for not giving him enough money. Alcohol abuse often tends to cause make financial problems worse or every create new ones. Sadly, not only the abuser can suffer financially, but oftentimes his or her immediate family suffers as well. This usually occurs when monetary restrictions are placed on the abuser/addict to control his or her spending. This can force the abuser to start borrowing elsewhere, stealing and/or selling others keeping to obtain money so that the addicted habit can be sustained (Doweko, 2012). Familial RelationshipsThe medical model of substance use disorders (SUD) have suggested that the dysfunction have occurred on either a cellular or molecular level and that one is biologically predisposed to alcoholism when he or she is opened to certain environments (Doweko, 2012). Jay W. has been exposed to alcohol through his father Don who is a neurosurgeon. Jay perhaps saw how he was able to get drunk and yet go to work and carry on a seemingly normal life. Don was described by his wife Beth as a functional alcoholic, displaying heaving drinking patterns and binge drinking when he was not on call. Jays parents seems to be very supportive of him though. His father was willing to give up drinking and both he and his wife joined AA along with Jay. Evenwhen he dropped out after 3 months, they continued going to both AA and Al-Anon. It also appears that Jay W. has a genetic predisposition of alcohol abuse/addiction. Both Beth and Don have fathers that were alcoholics. Various genes have been identified by researchers and believed to have an influence in predisposing individuals to substance use disorders. Jay W. familial relationship is starting to reveal the beginning stages of strain. He is claiming that they are overreacting and also accuses them of not giving them enough money. Often, family members of an alcohol abuser/addict report feelings of fear, shame, grief or other negative emotion whe n dealing with him or her (Doweiko, 2012). When the addict is confronted about their drinking behavior, conflict typically arises causing the familial relationship to be strained. Legal HistoryJay W is starting to have run ins with the law. According to his parents, he totaled his vehicle two weeks after his 16th birthday. This incident caused the police to get involved. Jay inevitably was charged with a DUI and his drivers license was revoked. His buddies seem to have frequent encounters with law enforcement. Jay has started to reserve his and his friends behaviors and suggest that its typical. Jay is destined to misunderstand the story he finds himself in (Clinton & Hawkins, 2009) he has become irrational in his behaviors by accusing his parents of overreacting to his license being revoked. health HistoryJay W. seems to have a pretty clean health history. Thus far, no incidents have been reported. When he was born on May 2, 1991 there were no complications to the labor and deliv ery. He was considered very advanced for his age due to the fact that he had met all his developmental milestones early. Alcoholism can cause both short and long-term problems. Some of the short-term manifestations includes diarrhea, poor coordination and judgment, insomnia, as well as stomach problems (Doweiko, 2012). Some of the long-term problems includes liver problems, cirrhosis of the liver, mental disorders, malnutrition, impotence, among a multitude of others (Doweiko, 2012). Spiritual HistoryThe spiritual model of addiction assumes that addiction is derived from a sickness of ones spirit that has possibly manifested in a physical manner. It is mankinds way of searching for something to feel a void and escape pain and or discontentment that can often come with periodical living (Doweiko, 2012). It is Jays first year in college. Its possible that he wants to fit in and gain the approval of his peers instead of being a loner. Acceptance and the need to feel cool and include d seems to have taken precedent over anything else. Its how he gains his identity. He gets involved with the wrong chemical group and starts being influenced by their deviant ways. Now, hes saddened by the fact that his girlfriend has broken up with him. He has also just flunked out of his first year of college. All of these rock-bottom experiences can easily trigger the addiction cycle. It is characterized by pain, hitting bottom, seeking relief, use or do, feeling good, crashing, cycles back to pain, and then tolerance. It is obvious that Jay W. is starting to undergo this cycle of addiction. Alcohols deceptive illusion of giving Jay control and euphoria keeps him on the wheel.Diagnostic ImpressionsFrom all that has been gleaned from Jay Ws case study, it is safe to say that he is at risk of exposure for developing a substance use disorder. He is clearly on his way of having a drinking problem. Although he is displaying early problem alcohol usage if he is not careful, he could very well develop an addictive disorder. slice evaluating Jay W to get a better diagnostic impression, it is necessary that I use the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) test on the client (Hawkins, 2009). This test is imperturbable of three categories of assessment 1.) interpersonal or affective defects 2.) social deviance and 3.) additional items such as unstable relationships, etc (Hawkins, 2009). The PCL-R Test will provide a better analysis of root causes of the clients delinquent acts as well as to help identify prevailing risk factors. By identifying these risk factors, intervention strategies can be developed to counteract these risk factors. The following are a list of dynamic risk factors that has been identified and needs addressing problem resolution/impulsivitypoor social/family relationshipsantisocial associates/attitudesalcohol & substance abuseRecommendationsBased on the risk factors identified, the following recommendations have been made for Jay W. Problem sol ving/impulsivityHabitually, Jay W. will be expected to attend group therapy where he will learn to think through decisions before moving impulsively. He will be given various scenarios in which he will have to explain how he should handle those situations appropriately. Role-playing will be a part of his therapy. For example, instead of not going to class because they are boring, he can try to get in more advanced classes if they are available. It could be that hes bored because he is not being challenged enough. He will be expected to work through all possible options and their consequences before making a decision. worthless social/family relationshipsSince Jay W. ex-girlfriend seems to be a good influence on him, their relationship should be encouraged. A relationship coach will be provided to assist him with maintaining hefty relationships. Hopefully, if all goes well, he will do what it takes to win her back (hanging around more positive people). Antisocial associates/attitud esJay W. will have access to a learn who will confront his antisocial behaviors and attitudes and challenging him to participate in healthy functions and associating with positive people. The mentor will do habitual check-ins with the client and provide one on one time when needed to help him work through his feelings. Alcohol AbuseFrequent alcohol tests will be conducted on the client. If at any point alcohol is found in his system, he will be required to attend an alcohol rehabilitation program. According to Dr. Hawkins, recovery is an inner(a) out issue requiring the Holy Spirit (Hawkins, 2009). In order for Jay W to function optimally, his human will must act in concert with noble will. (May, 1991, p.178). He needs to have a divine encounter with God so that he can know who he is through Christ. In Addiction and Grace it is stated that the alignment of our will with Gods must happen at a heart level (May,1991, p.178). Jay must first admit that he has a problem and needs help. ReferencesClinton, T. (2009). Addiction and Recovery www.libertyuniversity.edu. Clinton, T., & Hawkins, R. (2009). The quick-reference guide to biblical counseling Personal and emotional issues. Grand Rapids, MI Baker Books. Doweiko, H. E. (2012). Concepts of chemical dependency (8th ed.). Belmont, CA Brooks/Cole. Hawkins, R. (2009). Theology and Addiction www.libertyuniversity.edu May, G. G. (1991). Addiction & grace Love and spirituality in the healing of addictions. New York HarperOne,

Comparative analysis of elementary physical education instruction techniques Essay

material education in pedagogy needs to endlessly evaluate learners fleshly movement with the aim of understanding their optimum capability, suiting instructional adaptation, to provide somebody assessment summary in a view to measure effect improvement response with time, and lastly to ensure the goal of training success.Instructional strategies or techniques argon an important arm of teaching for every school of thought where a particular aptitude is acquired. There is the need for the teacher to understand the staple c formerlypt of training as a fundamental tool to come up with the best instructional techniques whose choice would promote the objective of the accomplishment.Elementary physical education implicate physical exercise as school subject and include gymnastic, athletics, team sports, and other forms of physical exercise thought in school. The learning utilizes cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting. An advocacy for students once argued that parents, teachers, and students must aim at removing inglorious utilizations form physical education by eliminating such involvements or techniques that can gravely pose threat to students morale. An example of these is the use of captain to select game team in football, the use of exercise as a mean to punish students.These pr doices can only be eliminated by applying a preferred instructional techniques right from the background. The aims should embrace effective guiding of learners to be self-independent and physically fit throughout their entire life.Analysis and EvaluationAccording to researchers the implementation of exemplary behaviour change and management techniques in any educational environment generally contribute to effective teaching, proactive learning and enhanced pupil motivation in whatever is the subject area of specialization (Beighle & Pangrazzi, 2002). An advantage of choosing excellent instructional techniques is to reduce the time spent on managing behavioural issues and increase the productive values from time storage allocation instructional techniques. (D avering, 1996 Kelly, 1986).There are researched two basics instructional practices used in elementary physical education. We have the reinforcement techniques and the punishment techniques. This paper shall further critically analyse and evaluate the characteristics of the two spacious categories. Reinforcement instructional technique uses cursory events of the physical activities and non-physical activities to to complement students in order to enhance skill improvement. Students are guided through a feedback control os assessment after daily events. some other aspect on reinforcement techniques entail setting up of a conditional system that monitors unimaginable skills and effect correction instantly without pointing out the good ones for encouragement. This second model is a great deal applied when daily interaction approach to reinforcement fail s. In situational reinforcement, teachers shower encomium to students found doing well in the practice in a direct or an indirect appearance. Conversely, a student who is yet to perform up to expectation given a deductive instruction to follow suit.For example, when a student is doing poorly instructor praises other student close-by who is doing fine or behaving appropriately. When a student is performing a task with marginal attention, the natural tendency for any instructor is to sharply raise an objection, instead, the instructor particularly praise students who are in line with the task.In a way the non participating students deduce what s most acceptable from what is not without having any sentimental memory in the later future for instructors discriminating dissatisfied focus on him. Another characteristics of situational reinforcement occurs when instructor systematically assume ignorance of behaviours or skills that has cryptograph to do with physical education study and students safety. Instructors try not to show fretfulness or dissatisfaction when students demonstrate annoying behaviour. In another round, when a student changes his or her ugly behavioural path for better, he receives incommensurable but sincere praise.This reinforces such good skill or act towards self perfection. Words like comparative praise insinuate history of student prior rejection and often bring a sense of insecurity of trust to the concerned student in the future endeavour. This may harm students morale in demonstrating what they have really learnt with openness. An example is the use of word like instanter. It implies that instructor is upset with previous behaviour. There is avoidance of making reference to previous bad ways. In order to reinforce this good skill, students doing the right things need several approvals to permanently register the right way into the mind for future use. Another characteristic of situational reinforcement is the teachers deliberate attempt at celebrating earning achievement per time.Each time when physical activities are going on, the students look forward to a memorable fun or celebration and perfect the task in order to qualify. At such fun-event instructors openly explain why the class warrant that celebration. This is an unexpected event for students, the impression created last for several months.Furthermore, another instructional technique involve specific designation of task for students based on their preferred area of capabilities in as much as the same effect is recorded in the long chip at improving their physical educational skills. When students with improved motor skill or fitness performance skill on a task finds it enjoyable, such students is allowed t have maximum time for the military action with privilege granted over others.This has the effect of stimulating or motivating class members to find their own specialization area and perform even harder on the task. This form of instructional t echnique ranks high in educational model. It also brings a sense of special recognition in each student and on that point is an extension of respect for individuals differences. Everyone needs this to perform better in any task involving physical exercises.ReferencesJ. F. Williams, Principles of personal Education (8th ed. 1964) American Association for Health, Physical Education, and RecreationD. Van Dalen, A World History of Physical Education (2d ed. 1971).http//www.ntnu.edu.tw/acad/docmeet/a6/a605.dochttp//catalog.arizona.edu/faculty/courses/984/PExx.htmlhttp//www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED127323&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED127323

How Has Technology Affected Global Business Essay

Before the arrival of the era of the engineering, backup was d unitary very inside the four walls of the office. engineering advancement is responsible for todays discernible changes in the field of business, mainly in international business. Nowadays, almost every home and office is render with computers that are connected to the Internet. Most businesses are conducted over personal computers or other communication devices much(prenominal) as handheld devices. It has become easier to access information and learn about developing economic trends and problems as well as gather data on foreign exchange market, cultures and policies.The advancement of technology has as well as made it easier for businesses to deal with foreign investments. Furthermore, technology has changed the way we deal with business matters. The internet has become a very useful tool for international companies. Other than that, Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods and Chau (2004) stated that computers allow organizations of all types and sizes, topically and internationally, to speed transactions and improve decision making.Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods and Chau (2004) also suggested that from small retailers to the big international firms, technology is an all important(p) tool for everyday operation whether it is for inventory checking, sales transaction making, ordering goods or analyzing guest preferences. With internet, video conferencing can be used by both parties to see each other nigh on TV or computer screen. For example, in Malaysia we can have a conversation with a raw material supplier in China and a manufacturer from Taiwan.By using the internet, companies crosswise the world can perform research and socialize with partners and suppliers better. This will eventually lead us to having a better relationship with international suppliers and customers. Next, the existence of technology has also caused improvement in the field of the media in the means o f communication. Anyone can easily access data of a specific foreign company with the serve of media such as internet, radio, newspaper and magazines. Increased media capabilities can help international businesses improve their productiveness by medias various means of reaching out to public.Once a companys productivity level increases, profits can also scale up. Other than that, with computers, we can now store heavy(a) databases, personal schedules and other important information in the computer without having to store the old and dusty rafts of papers and files in the office. Accessibility of files also has become an easy task with series of password keys and divided up folders. Cash transactions are easily made, delay in reduced hence giving liquid to business.In order to save time and effort, we can also now use accounting software program such as UBS to record and process accounting transactions. The shipment of raw materials and finished products is very important to an y business, but mostly for those with an international scope. Technology of transportation enables a company on one continent to send its raw materials or products to another company in a different continent. technical advancements in airplanes, cargo ships and railways allow for quicker, cheaper delivery, which impacts business by making global distribution more feasible.Technology has helped in customer service, huge corporations such as Apply and Microsoft attend to customer emergencys through and through email and chat services. Networking internal and external in organizations has improved the working of businesses. Staffs and clients likewise can take away in touch with the managers for feedback, progress reports and extensions. It is definitely more convenient for customers as they do not need to trouble themselves to walk into a company that they want to complain or need help from.

Cell Phone Usage in School Should Be Banned

Kaitlyn Sebastian Cell Phone example in School In a Wireless survey, it has been said that 91% of Ameri butt ends use a jail cell rally. These devices choose majorly advanced within the years and trick be used for many things. Although cell thinks have many great and convenient features, their usage in school should be banned because teens ignore the obligate rules, it sight be used to cheat, and most have a camera feature that can be used to waste inappropriate pictures of others. Teens these days atomic number 18 very rebellious in my opinion. Most wear outt like being told what to do and like to be independent.So, when they know that there are rules in school against having cell phones around with you throughout the day, they ignore them because they always think they will never pull in caught. Teens can be very sneaky with what they do and can hide things soft. They know that the worst that can happen is having their phone siren forward for the rest of the school d ay and then getting it blanket after. Some schools could enforce the rule all day but, Kids kind of roll their eyes, and Im incontestable they have it out again 10 or 15 feet down the hall, high school teacher Ed Stried remarked.Many schools standed to have their phones collected in the beginning of the day and then at assigned times, students are able to use their cell phones, like during Study Hall, or lunch break. Many have install this unsuccessful because kids ignore it and can pretend that they did non have a cell phone on them and hide them through the day, sending text editions or pictures. Teachers should not allow this because it can be such a distraction. Their phones should be checked and kept in their locker until school is over.Taking pictures brings me to my next point. Many new phones today have a built in camera feature that allows people to easily take a quick-pic anytime without bringing a whole different device, such as a digital camera. Despite its pract ised uses, this cool feature can be used inappropriately. Bullying is also a major anaesthetise in school and it comes in many forms, like cyber bullying which includes through phones. Students, if allowed to use their cell phone at anytime throughout a school day, can also take pictures at anytime.Some may be used to shoot a memorable moment, and some may be used to take an sticky picture of someone. Many teens are on social networks, always posting updates and uploading pictures of their whereabouts. Many cellular devices allow a quick treat feature that can upload the photo that you took straight onto your website. Students can take an advantage of this and may have intentions of not being nice to others in school. They can easily take a picture to make fun of someone or harass them and post it right away on Facebook for example.Having phones allowed to be used during school can cause other dangerous issues and can typeset for just consequences. These serious consequences ca n also take part when kids do the wrong things with the ability to text and take pictures. One major problem that usage in schools can lead to is cheating. Again, with a camera, kids can take pictures of tests or quizzes to share with other students who have it later in the day. They can also easily get away with texting their friends because most can text without looking at the keyboard.Another important thing is that you can also access the internet. They not only could go to inappropriate websites but also look up answers right in the palm of their hands. Yes, students can enjoy the freedom of being able to text their parents a quick message or check their email but this is unfair to all the students who do not cheat and work really hard studying, so this can be a real problem. Overall, being able to use a cell phone in school can lead to serious issues with students.It should be banned because students ignore the rules, can be used to take pictures inappropriately, and to cheat and/or share answers with others. The result of banning cell phone use in school will help have a safe and distraction-free atmosphere that all students can enjoy. Source Citation Schools continue to deal with cellular misbehaving. Janesville Gazette Janesville, WI 5 Dec. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 26 Apri. 2012. EDITORIAL Policy on cell phone use effective. Daily News Bowling Green, KY 30 Oct. 2009. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 26 Apri. 2012.

Reservation in India Essay

modesty policy fails to achieve its offer of great(p) equal opportunity to everyone because of lack of infrastructure in the cracker-barrel beas of the country where the proportion of rearwards phasees is signifi layaboutt.A number of slew living in some remote aras in Orissa, M. P. or Bihar are non even aware of these policies. They are deprived of even primary education and basic example which make them much backward financially. It fails to establish which causes disequilibrium in the status of the grounds.The total military reserve quota stands at 49% in many states of India and this includes the SCs, STs and OBCs. The trend seems to have shifted to reverse difference rather than more affirmative action. some backward classs elite have gained political and frugal clout based on this modesty.However a majority of the backward classes is non living any differently than before because their subsistence is spare and rural lifestyles do not provide them with any of the benefits. The worst thing is that many are not even aware of these policies, especially in the interior parts of the nation. Thus a distinct economic class system exists within the backward classes. Mostly undeserving people have gained the advantages and the deserving ones are still without any signifi locoweedt positive change in their plight.It is interesting to note that the constitutional comestible regarding reservations which explicitly single out certain clubs for special preferential treatment contradicts the documents prohibition on discrimination based on class, race and other such other criteria. Besides, despite the creation of commissions to monitor the carrying into action of reservation policy by the tenderness the constitution gives great liberties to the individual states to determine the quantity and limits of reservation which often lead to exploitation.In reality in that location is no revokement of caste system. Instead the disparity pluss because of antagonistic attitude on both sides. The member of lower class strongly feel that they do not have sufficient reservation andthe members of upper classes feel that inspite of their hard make up and merits they do not have the same opportunities.Despite constitutional prohibitions and laws, violence and injustices once against untouchables continue even now, particularly in rural areas.The other minorities are demanding reserved standard too, which would ultimately lead to a situation where the seat remaining for the majority would not be proportional to their population. Thus the whole purpose of providing equal opportunity gets defeated. The caste system and discrimination have persisted in spite of the reservation quota.The reservation policy has brought a clime of antagonism between people belonging to different castes. Regional political parties have sprung with an agenda to fire casteism for their partisan gains.Reservation has become an electoral tool nowadays. Reser vation policy has likewise bluntly promoted caste over intellect and hard work. As a result we are producing substandard engineers, doctors, bureaucrats and other professionals under the present reservation policy. The policy just does not stop at such opportunity. It promotes in suitable people and promotes these people over deserving and qualified individuals.The reservation policy has started to divide Indias future generations at a very small age. Children not belonging to a reserved category have to work twice as hard compared to a kid with a reserved future with already some(prenominal) better financial means. May be the reservations policy has double crossed as we see today are mostly held by the upper class people because they have been thought to excel since childhood to the lack a reserved future and opportunities.If we continue to bring people in our colleges, filling our jobs and promoting the finale making positions based on the caste, soon we would be only country with the least number of competent people. We need a policy which really helps people deprived of education and means of better life.Reserving a certain percentage of seats in the high education and jobs in the high ranks of the government is not going to help to solve problems of 85% of total backward castes population.The above picture clearly shows that the reservation policies in the last 64 years have failed for what they meant to do. It is time to try new approach to abolish reservation because merit and efficiency are in great danger. At this point of time the abolishment of the reservation quota and a better system of affirmative action would be beneficial to the whole nation. We can propose that(1) Further policies or entreaties for any kind of reservation need to be discarded and disconnected.(2) thither is need for a slow but a steady removal of reservation quotas.(3) Development of more and better infrastructure in the rural areas to remove disparities is necessary. E ducation and knowledge in a youthful society would lead to removal of some, if not all, discrepancies in treatment of people based on caste, nuance and religion.(4) We could also develop a system to find the neediest economically backward classes to work for that upliftment of backward classes.(5) For already entered categories (in employment) we could make the promotions of the jobs merit based.There have been improvements due to the reservation policies, which can not be denied at any cost. But it is not easy to pinpoint as to now much of these improvements can be credited to reservations and how much might have occurred without them as a result of governments global development policies and economic growth.It can be concluded that reservation policy and its persistence is likely to increase the caste gap rather than help decrease it. The bitter truth isthat these policies will never help reach the long cherished goal of equality. So here comes a need for serious status for th e reservation policy in India, especially when it comes to educational institution and employment. permit us stop it. We can not hold for our faults for long.Part XVI of the constitution deals with special commissariat for certain classes, viz. plan castes and schedule Tribes. However the constitution does not specify the persons who fall in these two categories but leaves it to be determined by the President of India. Some of the important measures made by the constitution for this purpose include.(a) Reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and verbalize Legislatures on the basis of their population.(b) Bestowal of certain special powers on the State Governments to impose some special restrictions on the right of SCs and STs to protect their interests.(c) Provisions of special grants by the centre to the state for meeting the cost of scheme of welfare designed for the scheduled tribes and raising the level of the governing body in scheduled areas.(d) Appointment of a National deputation for Scheduled Castes and Tribes by the President. It is the duty of the Commission to investigate the matters relating to safeguards for SCs and STs and to submit necessary report to the President. That report is laid before each House of Parliament.(e) To pay special attention to the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of society to prevent their exploitation.Backward Classesbesides special provisions for the SCs and STs, The Constitution has made separate provisions for the improvement of all. Backward classes are not defined in the constitution but since it comes in addition to the terms STs and SCs. We may conclude that there are other backward classes as well. Article 340 provides for the appointment ofcommission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.Two Backward class commissions were set up under Article 340 after the constitution was adopted. The Kakkasaheb Kelkar commission, appointed in 1953 submitted its report in 1955 and used four criteria for identifying other Backward Classes (OBCs)(1) Low social position in the traditional pecking revise of Hindu Society.(2) Lack of educational progress among majority of a particular caste/ community.(3) Inadequate representation in trade, commerce and industry.(4) Inadequate representation in Government, The commission used the first criterion to link with social backwardness. The report was considered too vague and impractical.The centres next initiative come in 1978 when the Janta Government appointed a commission under B.P. Mandal to find out how many backward classes there were in the country. The report of this commission which identified 3743 backward class was shelved till 1990 when the V.P. Singh Government brought out the order for 27% reservation in central services for other backward classes.Now, the air is now slow with the sense of dejavu which we experienced in early 90s. In one swift the present UPA Government again raised the boge y of reservation thereby again dividing India. Besides imposing a quota in cnetral universities and institutes it is also pushing companies for a job quota in the private sector.The Common Minimum Programme promises reservations for OBC in higher educational institutes. In fact it speaks of being very sensitive to the issue of affirmative action including reservations in the Private sector.It is sheer politics. The desperation is reflection of the fact that the Congress is unable to reinvent itself in its signal for a majority. Neither BJP nor Congress can boast of social diversity that is necessary to represent the relative majority of India. The countrys two largest parties are controlled by upper caste. The Congress believes it can alter its state of irrelevance in over 200 Lok Sabha seats by wooing back Dalits and OBCs. Instead of giving reservations, scholars say, we must take a series of sequential steps ranging from education to vocational training to financing enterprises though some parties prefer quick fix solutions. The Congress is one of them. It has taken diagnosis of a physician and approached a quack for prescription.Our population is 1.02 billion and the SC/ST population is around 240 million (24 crore). Let us have a look at some telling figures about reservations.(1) The number of OBC mononuclear phagocyte system sitting in Parliament is 110.(2) 12 Chief Ministers of the states belong to OBC in present.(3) The literacy rate of SCs is 37.82%(4) 79.88% of high check drop out are from Scheduled Castes.(5) 1 lakh estimated number of Government jobs under quota lies lazy across the country.(6) 6% class I Central Government jobs are held by Scheduled castes and Scheduled Tribes.(7) 89% class I Central Government jobs are held by others who constitute only 25% of the population.